| E&DG |
Explosives and Dangerous Goods. |
| EAP |
Employee Assistance Programme. |
| Ear canal cap |
A hearing protector that covers the ear canal entrance
and is held in place by a headband. |
| Ear muff |
A hearing protector that covers the entire ear and
is held in place by a suspension system. |
| EARP |
Environmental Assessment Review Panel. |
| Ear plug |
A hearing protector that inserted into the ear canal. |
| Early reporting |
Reporting of early symptoms often associated with OOS
using a self-report of pain or discomfort form. |
| Earners' levy |
The levy payable to fund the Earners' Account under
section 219(1) of the Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Compensation
Act 2001. |
| Earth |
The electro-conductive connection between an object
and the ground to prevent shocks, or sparks from electric currents.
|
| Earth electrode |
A metal rod or rods, or other conducting objects,
that provide an effective connection to the earth. |
| Earthed |
Effectively connected to the general mass of earth. |
| Earthed electrical appliance |
An appliance that has exposed metal connected to earth.
Known as a Class I electrical appliance. |
| Earthing device |
As defined in Safety Manual - Electricity Industry
(SM-EI) - is an approved device for temporarily earthing isolated
equipment for work access. Note: Such devices include earth switches,
earthing trucks and approved portable earths. |
| Earthing wire |
A wire that connects any portion of the earthing system:
(a) to another portion of the earthing system; or
(b) to a portion of the installation; or
(c) to electrical equipment that is required to be earthed. |
| Easily accessible |
Capable of being reached quickly and easily without
obstructions, and without having to use a movable ladder. Not more
than 2 m above the ground, floor or platform. |
| EBDC |
Ethylene-bis-di-thiocarbamate fungicides, including
maneb and mancozeb. |
| EC50 |
The median effect concentration, being a statistically-derived
concentration of a substance hat can be expected to cause:
(a) an adverse reaction in 50% of organisms; or
(b) a 50% reduction in growth or in the growth rate of organisms. |
| Eccentric |
(1) Displaced with respect to a centre, not concentric.
(2) A crank in which the pin diameter is so much greater than the
offset (throw) that the result is a drum or disc mounted eccentrically
on the shaft. |
| Ecchymoses |
Discolouration due to bleeding under the skin. |
| Ecosystem |
Basic ecological unit formed by the living environment
of the animal and vegetable organisms interacting as a single functional
unit. |
| ECP |
(New Zealand) Electrical Code of Practice. |
| Economic life |
The period from the acquisition of the asset to the
time when the asset, while physically able to provide a service, ceases
to be the lowest cost alternative to satisfy a particular level of
service. The economic life is at the maximum when equal to the physical
life. However, obsolescence or high maintenance cost may mean that
the economic life is less than the physical life. |
| Ecotoxic/ecotoxicity |
Capable/capability of causing ill-health, injury or
death to any living organism. |
| Edger |
A wood working machine that is used for ripping sawn
timber or sawing the edges of timber, and fitted with two or more
circular ripsaws mounted on a common arbor or mounted separately at
fixed spacing, and also fitted with a device or devices to vary the
width between the saws; but does not mean a multiple circular saw
that is used for trimming panels and fitted with riving knives and
hood guards. |
| Edge protection |
A guardrail or restraint to prevent a person reaching
over or falling over an exposed edge. |
| Education outside the classroom (EOTC) |
A generic term used extensively in New Zealand schools
to describe curriculum-based learning that extends beyond the four
walls of the classroom. This ranges from a museum or marae visit to
a sports trip, outdoor education camp or a rocky shore field trip. |
| EECA |
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority. |
| EEO |
Equal Employment Opportunities. An EEO programme is
defined in the State Sector Act 'as a programme that is aimed at the
identification and elimination of all aspects of policies, procedures
and other institutional barriers that cause or perpetuate inequality
in respect to the employment of any person or group of persons'. |
| EET |
Estimated elapsed time. |
| Effect |
Includes:any potential or probable effect; any positive
or adverse effects; any temporary or permanent effects; any past,
present or future effect; any acute or chronic effect; any cumulative
effects which arise over time and in combination with other effects. |
| Effect types |
The effects generated when a hazardous substance is
released or reacts:
- fire/explosion effects concerned with damage to property, the
built environment and people by substances with explosive, flammable
or oxidising properties;
- human health effects concerned with adverse effects to the wellbeing
and health of people by substances with toxic or corrosive properties;
- environmental effects concerned with damage to ecosystems or
natural resources by substances with ecotoxic or corrosive properties.
|
| Effective dose (ED) |
The dose that corresponds to an increase, expressed
as a percent response, in relation to expected levels of an adverse
effect and can be defined as a percent increase over background rates
or a percent increase between background and maximal rates. ED01 is
the dose corresponding to a 1% increase in an adverse effect. |
| Effective dose (radiation) |
The sum of the equivalent doses in all tissues of the
body from a particular exposure, each weighted according to the risk
associated with that tissue. It represents the uniform whole body
dose that would have the same radiation detriment as the actual dose
distribution arising from a given irradiation. The units are sieverts
(Sv). (See ICRP publication no. 603.) |
| Effective protective feature |
A device incorporated into an explosive article that
will prevent accidental functioning during normal conditions of transport,
storage or handling. |
| EGC |
Enhanced Group Calling, and in relation to enhanced
group calling equipment, means equipment used to store a nd print
out information received by the ship via the INMARSAT system. |
| Elastic limit |
The limiting value of deforming stress applied to a
material beyond which it will not return to its original shape, i.e.
permanent deformation occurs. |
| Elective surgery |
(a) Any surgery required in respect of a personal injury;
but
(b) does not include
(i) an acute treatment; or
(ii) a public health acute service; or
(iii) treatment. |
| Electric line |
All conductors (including fittings supporting, or connected
to, those conductors), whether above or below ground, that are used,
or intended to be used, in, or in connection with, the supply of electricity
from the outgoing terminals of a generating station, a building, enclosure,
or other structure to:
(a) the incoming terminals of another building, enclosure, or other
structure; or
(b) an electrical appliance, in any case where the electrical appliance
is supplied with electricity other than from a terminal in a building,
enclosure, or other structure. |
| Electrical appliance |
Any appliance that uses, or is designed or intended
to use, electricity, whether or not it also uses, or is designed or
intended to use, any other form of energy source. |
| Electrical equipment |
Includes anything used, designed to be used, or installed
for use, to conduct, control, convert, distribute, generate, measure,
provide, rectify, store, transform, or transmit electrical energy. |
| Electrical installation |
(a) Means all fittings:
(i) that form part of a system for conveying electricity; and
(ii) that form part of such a system at any point from the point of
supply to a consumer to any point from which electricity conveyed
through that system may be consumed; and
(b) includes any fittings that are used, or designed or intended for
use, by any person, in or in connection with the generation of electricity
for that person's use and not for supply to any other person; but
(c) does not include any electrical appliance. |
| Electrical inspector |
A person who meets the criteria set out under the Electricity
Act 1992 and the Electricity Regulations 1997, and who has obtained
registration as an inspector from the Electrical Workers Registration
Board. |
| Electrical wiring work |
Prescribed electrical work that consists of any of
the following work:
(a) the installation or maintenance of electrical wiring:
(b) the connection or disconnection of fittings to or from electrical
wiring. |
| Electricity |
Phenomena caused by electric charge, which causes bodies
carrying like charges to repel each other, while bodies carrying opposite
charges attract each other. Electric charge is caused by an excess
of electrons for negative charge, or a deficit of electrons for positive
charge. |
| Electrode |
Conductor through which electricity enters or leaves
an electrolyte, gas, vacuum or other medium. |
| Electrodepositing process |
Any process of applying a metallic deposit on objects
by means of electricity, and includes every process carried on in
connection therewith. |
| Electro-explosive device |
A device designed to initiate a detonation or deflagration
with an electrical impulse; and includes an electrical detonator,
an electric initiator, and an electric blasting initiator. |
| Electroforming |
The electrode deposition of a metallic coating within
a mould. |
| Electrofusion joint |
A joint made in polyethylene pipe using fittings having
integral electrical heating coils. |
| Electroless plating |
The deposition of a metal from a solution of its salts
by a reduction/oxidation reaction rather than by electrical power. |
| Electrolyte |
A substance that dissociates into ions in a solution
or when fused, thereby becoming able to conduct electric current,
especially in an electric cell or battery. |
| Electrolytic chromium process |
The electrolytic plating or oxidation of metal articles
by the use of an electrolyte containing chromic acid or other chromium
compounds. |
| Electronic |
Circuit where small amounts of current are used to
control much larger currents. |
| Electronic monitoring |
The situation where work output is measured automatically.
For example, the number of keystrokes made each hour on a word processor
can be measured. |
| Electroplating |
A process in which a metallic salt is dissolved in
water, where it dissociates to form electrically charged ions. By
passing a DC electric current through the solution, positive ions
migrate to, and are deposited on, the negative electrode, causing
the article to be plated. |
| Electrostatic powder coating |
A process whereby particles are charged electrostatically
to a high voltage and then deposited upon the surface of an earthed
object. |
| Elevating platform vehicle (EPV) |
A vehicle with an elevating platform or aerial lift
where the height is adjustable by powered means. |
| Elevator |
(1) A cage or platform which can be raised and lowered,
carrying people or goods, usually vertically between floors in a multi-storey
building.
(2) A type of conveyor for lifting loose material in buckets or scoops.
|
| ELISA |
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| ELT |
Emergency locator transmitter. |
| ELT(S) |
Emergency locator transmitter (survival). |
| Embossing |
Stamping words, letters (e.g. manufacturer's name),
or ornamentation onto the surface of a workpiece, either in a press
with specially made dies, or in a specially built machine. |
| Emergency (HSNO) |
Actual or imminent danger from hazardous substances
or new organisms to human health or safety; or a danger to the environment
or chattels so significant that immediate action is needed to remove
the danger. |
| Emergency (Civil Defence) |
A situation that:
(a) is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise,
including, without limitation, any explosion, earthquake, eruption,
tsunami, land movement, flood, storm, tornado, cyclone, serious fire,
leakage or spillage of any dangerous gas or substance, technological
failure, infestation, plague, epidemic, failure of or disruption to
an emergency service or a lifeline utility, or actual or imminent
attack or warlike act; and
(b) causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress
or in any way endangers the safety of the public or property in New
Zealand or any part of New Zealand; and
(c) cannot be dealt with by emergency services, or otherwise requires
a significant and coordinated response under this Act. |
| Emergency brake |
In relation to any vehicle or combination of vehicles,
means the system that makes it possible to undertake a controlled
stop of the vehicle or combination in the event of the failure of
the service brake. |
| Emergency exit |
Exit to be used in the event of an emergency such as
fire. |
| Emergency eyewash |
Face shower for washing particles, dusts or chemical
splashes from the eyes. |
| Emergency information panel |
A rectangular placard stating at least the following
about the dangerous goods on a vehicle:
(a) the UN Number;
(b) the Hazchem action code;
(c) a 24-hour emergency telephone number. |
| Emergency information signs |
Signs indicating the location of, or directions to,
emergency-related facilities such as exits, safety equipment or first
aid facilities. |
| Emergency overseas transport |
Means transport that:
(a) starts within 24 hours of a claimant suffering a work-related
personal injury or being found after suffering a work-related personal
injury, whichever is the later; and
(b) is necessary for the purpose of obtaining overseas treatment urgently
for the claimant's work-related personal injury; and
(c) is provided at the request of a person equivalent to
(i) a member of the New Zealand Police; or
(ii) an ambulance operator; and
(d) occurs wholly outside New Zealand. |
| Emergency plan |
A regularly updated document serving as an emergency
response guide by identifying and cataloguing the elements required
to respond to an emergency, and defining responsibilities and specific
tasks in an emergency. |
| Emergency procedures |
Procedures to be followed in the event of an accident,
fire, earthquake or other natural or man-made disaster. |
| Emergency response information |
in relation to dangerous goods transport means information
concerning the identification and the hazards specific to the dangerous
goods, and the recommended procedures to use in the event of an emergency.
|
| Emergency response plans (HSNO) |
A plan setting out the steps required to isolate or
contain an emergency and, as far as possible, to remedy harmful effects
where those effects are able to extend to large numbers of people
and/or significant parts of the environment. |
| Emergency services |
The New Zealand Police, New Zealand Fire Service, National
Rural Fire Authority, rural fire authorities, and hospital and health
services. |
| Emergency vehicle |
A vehicle equipped for attendance at fires, or for
ambulance duty or a Police vehicle. |
| Emesis |
The act of vomiting. |
| Emetic |
Medicine that causes vomiting. |
| Emission |
The discharge of contaminants into the air. |
| Emphysema |
Chronic disease of the lungs in which there is distension
and breakdown of the alveoli. |
| Employee |
A person of any age employed by an employer to do any
work (other than residential work) for hire or reward under a contract
of service and, in relation to any employer, means an employee of
the employer. |
| Employee Assistance Programme (EAP |
A programme, either operated by the employer and a
workers' organisation jointly or the employer alone or a workers'
organisation alone, that offers assistance to workers, and frequently
also to their family members, who have problems that affect - or that
eventually could affect - job performance. An EAP can provide assistance
with other problems liable to cause personal distress including marital
or family difficulties, depression, on-the-job stress, financial problems,
or legal difficulties. |
| Employee participation system |
Any arrangement between an employer and employees (and
employee organisations where appropriate) that allows the participation
of employees in processes relating to health and safety in the place
of work, so that:
(a) all persons with relevant knowledge and expertise can help make
the place of work healthy and safe; and
(b) when making decisions that affect employees and their work, an
employer has information from employees who face the health and safety
issues in practice. |
| Employer |
A person who employs another person to do any work
for hire or reward. |
| Employer levy |
The levy payable by an employer under section 168 of
the IPRC Act. |
| Employment |
(a) Means work engaged in or carried out for the purposes
of pecuniary gain or profit; and
(b) in the case of an employee, includes a period of paid leave, other
than paid leave on the termination of employment. |
| Employment agreement |
(a) Means a contract of service; and
(b) includes a contract for services between an employer and a homeworker;
and
(c) includes an employee's terms and conditions of employment in
(i) a collective agreement; or
(ii) a collective agreement together with any additional terms and
conditions of employment; or
(iii) an individual employment agreement. |
| Employment Relations Act 2000 |
The Employment Relations Act 2000 introduced a number
of changes to how employers, employees and unions conduct their relationships.
The Employment Relations Act had effect from 2 October 2000. It replaced
the Employment Contracts Act 1991. The Employment Relations Act created
the mediation Service and Employment Relations Authority. |
| Employment relationship problem |
Includes a personal grievance, a dispute, and any other
problem relating to or arising out of an employment relationship,
but does not include any problem with the fixing of new terms and
conditions of employment. |
| Empty weight |
In relation to a cylinder, means the weight of the
cylinder complete with its valve and any other fittings or appurtenances
that are normally on the cylinder when it is being filled. |
| Enclosed spaces |
On a ship means all those spaces, except excluded spaces,
which are bounded by the ship's hull, by fixed or portable partitions
or bulkheads, by decks or coverings other than permanent or movable
awnings. No break in a deck, nor any opening in the ship's hull, in
a deck or in a covering of a space, or in the partitions or bulkheads
of a space, nor the absence of a partition or bulkhead, precludes
a space from being included in the enclosed space. |
| End-outline marker lamp |
A position lamp designed to be fitted near the outer
extremity of a vehicle in addition to forward-facing and rearward-facing
position lamps; and includes a cab roof lamp. |
| Endemic |
(1) The constant presence of a disease or infectious
agent in a given population group or geographic area.
(2) Refers to species of plants and animals that are unique to an
area or animals that may migrate but breed only in the area. |
| Endless system |
A cable logging system in which an endless operating
rope is driven by a capstan. |
| Endpoint |
In relation to a toxicity study, this means a particular
toxic effect, such as cancer in a particular organ. |
| Energised |
Electrically livened, or connected to or containing
some other source of energy, e.g. steam, compressed air, hydraulic
energy, etc. |
| Energy work |
Means: (a) gasfitting; (b) prescribed electrical work. |
| Enforcement |
In relation to HSNO enforcement is used to encompass:
- inspections to establish whether compliance with HSNO Act has
been achieved;
- investigation of instances of potential non-compliance;
- responses to emergency situations and incidents;
- follow-up action in the event of non-compliance, including
prosecutions, issuing compliance orders or other formal or informal
responses;
- recording and reporting related to above.
|
| Enforcement action |
(a) In relation to an HSE inspector:
(i) the paying of an information under the HSE Act; or
(ii) the issuing of an infringement notice under the HSE Act; or
(iii) the making of an application for a compliance order; and
(b) in relation to a person other than an inspector
(i) the laying of information under the HSE Act; or
(ii) the making of an application for a compliance order. |
| Enforcement Officer (HSNO) |
An enforcement officer appointed under section 98 of
HSNO and with the minimum qualifications as specified in the Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms (Personnel Qualifications) Regulations
2001 and amendments. |
| Engine brake |
A modification to a diesel engine used to increase
the retardation force provided by the engine on deceleration. |
| Engineering controls |
Any engineering procedure that reduces a hazard (e.g.
noise, fumes) at the source, but does not include the use of personal
protective equipment. |
| Enteric precautions |
Includes hand washing after contact with the case
or potentially contaminated article; and disposal of faeces to the
sewerage system. |
| Enthalpy of transition,
Enthalpy of transformation |
Amount of heat released accompanying the transition
of a substance from one state to another NOTE By convention, positive
heat release is numerically equal to an increment of negative enthalpy
(for a heat releasing transition, _H _ 0). The quantities, enthalpy
of combustion and enthalpy of vaporization, should have meanings that
are evident. The term enthalpic correction refers to the (molar) difference
in enthalpy for the transition of a gas from an ideal state to a real
state. |
| Entitlements (ACC) |
All the services ACC can provide to an injured person
to assist their recovery. |
| Entity |
(1) A corporate body or legal person.
(2) A single chemical substance and includes discrete chemical elements,
compounds and complexes which may exist in pure or technical grade,
or as components in a physical mixture of substances. |
| Entrapment |
Hazard presented by the situation in which a body,
or part of a body, or clothing can become trapped. Note: The user
is not able to free him/herself and injury is caused by the entrapment. |
| Entry permit |
See Written authority. |
| Entry (to a confined space) |
When a person's head, i.e. the breathing zone or upper
body, is within the boundary of the confined space. Note: Inserting
an arm for the purpose of atmospheric testing is not considered an
entry to a confined space. |
| Environment |
Environment includes: ecosystems and their constituent
parts, including people and communities; all natural and physical
resources; amenity values; the social, economic, aesthetic and cultural
conditions that affect or are affected by the matters stated above. |
| Environment (work) |
The physical surroundings and conditions of lighting,
heating, ventilation and noise. |
| Environmental education |
Defined by the Ministry of Education (1999) and Ministry
for the Environment (1998) as a multidisciplinary approach to learning
that develops the knowledge, awareness, attitudes, values and skills
that will enable individuals and the community to contribute towards
maintaining and improving the quality of the environment. |
| Environmental effect |
Any change to the environment regardless of scale,
intensity, duration or frequency, in relation to the use, development,
or protection of natural and physical resources (based on the RMA). |
| Environmental exposure limit (EEL) |
The (maximum) concentration of an ecotoxic substance
(or ecotoxic component of a substance) in an environmental medium
that will present a low risk of adverse environmental effects to organisms
in non-target areas. |
| Environmental health |
A subcategory of public health which focuses on environmental
conditions and hazards which affect, or have the potential to affect,
human health, either by direct or indirect means. It is the art and
science of the protection of good health; the promotion of aesthetic,
social, economic, cultural, and amenity values; and the prevention
of illness and injury through the fostering of positive environmental
factors and the reduction of potential hazards - physical, biological
and chemical. |
| Environmental
management system |
Part of the overall management system that includes
organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing,
achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy (ISO/DIS
14050). |
| Environmental media |
Media present in our environment. Includes abiotic
media such as soil, water, sediment and air, and biotic media. |
| Environmental medium |
In relation to a class 6 substance, means air, water,
soil or a surface that a hazardous substance may be deposited onto.
In relation to a class 9 substance, means water, soil or sediment
where these are in the natural environment, or a surface that a hazardous
substance may be deposited onto. |
| Environmental tobacco smoke |
Smoke exhaled by another person or side stream smoke
arising from another person's cigarette. Environmental tobacco smoke
in the workplace is associated with a range of work-related disorders.
The main ones are ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer and pneumococcal
disease, with some evidence also for asthma, other respiratory symptoms,
cerebrovascular disease and low-birth-weight babies. |
| Environmentally
damaging substances |
Substances which are not intrinsically hazardous but
may cause adverse effects if discharged into the environment in large
quantities (e.g. milk and other organic liquids). |
| Environmentally
sensitive areas |
Areas that, in the judgement of the local community
and/or regulatory authority, should not be subject to more than a
specified low risk, or where additional safeguards are required when
undertaking activities exceeding the specified low risk. Environmentally
sensitive areas may include aquifers, waterways, wetlands, coastal
environments, special ecosystems or species habitats. |
| Environmentally sound disposal |
In relation to a substance that is a persistent organic
pollutant, means disposal in accordance with directions given by the
Authority by notice in the Gazette, being directions that
are not inconsistent with Article 6 of the Stockholm Convention. |
| Epicormics |
Small branch-like shoots that grow on the stem of
a tree and if not removed will cause defects in clearwood. |
| Epidemic |
An unusual increase in the number, or the appearance
of a significant number, of cases of an infectious disease introduced
in a region or population that is normally free from that disease. |
| Epidemiology |
The investigation of factors that determine the frequency,
distribution and spread of disease or other health-related conditions
within human populations. |
| Epidermis |
Outer or horny layer of the skin. |
| EPIRB |
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons, used to
facilitate search and rescue operations, operating on 121.5 MHz, 243
MHz, 406 MHz and/or 1.6 GHz. |
| EpiSurv |
A disease surveillance software application managed
by ESR for the surveillance of communicable diseases in New Zealand. |
| Epistaxis |
Nose bleed. |
| EPMU |
New Zealand Amalgamated Engineering, Printing and Manufacturing
Union. |
| EPV |
An elevating platform vehicle or aerial lift where
the height is adjustable by powered means. |
| Equalising block |
Block used to distribute the load evenly between anchor
points. |
| Equipment inspection |
An inspection carried out by an equipment inspector
that:
(a) is carried out to determine whether equipment is safe and is likely
to remain safe; and
(b) takes place in one or more of the following periods:
(i) the period in which the equipment, or its component parts, is
manufactured
(ii) the period after the manufacture and before the commissioning
of the equipment
(iii) the period after the commissioning of the equipment;
(iv) the period after a repair or alteration to which the Regulations
apply; or
(v) the period after maintenance, or an adjustment, alteration, or
repair to which the PECPR Regulations apply. |
| Equipment inspector |
Under the PECPR Regulations means a person who:
(a) is employed or engaged by an inspection body to carry out the
functions referred to in regulation 27; and
(b) is the holder of a relevant certificate of competence. |
| Equipotential bonding |
The electrical connection of exposed metal parts so
that they are at substantially the same voltage. |
| Equivalent dose (radiation) |
The product of the absorbed dose with a radiation weighting
factor to allow for the biological effectiveness of the type of radiation.
The radiation weighting factors for X and gamma radiation are equal
to 1.0. In this case the equivalent dose is numerically equal to the
absorbed dose. The units are sieverts (Sv). (See ICRP publication
no. 603.) |
| ERA |
Employment Relations Authority, established in October
2000 under the Employment Relations Act 2000. |
| Erection |
Means, in relation to any type of equipment, the assembly
and construction, and includes installation. |
| Ergonomics |
The study of the relationship between people and their
work. Sometimes defined as: 'Fitting the task to the person' and 'Design
for human use'. From the Greek: Ergo - work, Nomos - natural law. |
| Ergonomics hazards |
Workplace conditions that pose a biomechanical stress
to the worker. |
| Ergonomic principles |
Information about human behaviour, abilities, limitations
and other characteristics which can be applied to the design of tools,
machines, tasks, jobs and environments in order to increase productivity,
comfort, and health and safety. |
| ERMA New Zealand |
The crown entity, established under the HSNO Act which
incorporates the Authority, the Agency (the Chief Executive and Staff
of ERMA New Zealand), and the Statutory Advisory Committee, Nga Kaihautu
Tikanga Taiao. |
| Error |
The deviation of a measured or applied value from a
true value (usually expressed as a percentage of the true value). |
| ERS |
Employment Relations Service of the Department of Labour.
|
| Erythema |
Reddening (inflammation) of the skin. |
| Erythrocyte |
Red blood cell. |
| Escape route |
A path, clear of obstructions and overhead hazards,
used by ground workers to move to a predetermined safe position. |
| Escape route (building) |
A continuous unobstructed route from any occupied space
in a building to a final exit to enable occupants to reach a safe
place, and shall comprise one or more of the following: open paths,
protected paths and safe paths. |
| ESR |
Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited.
The ESR provides scientific services related to public health, environmental
health and forensic science. |
| ESS |
Energy Safety Service, part of the Ministry of Consumer
Affairs, an operating division of the Ministry of Economic Development. |
| Essential service (electrical) |
In the context of an electrical installation means
emergency lighting, firemen's lifts, alarms, water pumps, sprinklers,
detectors, ventilation systems and public address systems necessary
for the safety of people in buildings. |
| ETA |
Estimated time of arrival. |
| Ethics Advisory Panel |
A body established by the Environmental Risk Management
Authority to assist its consideration of ethical and spiritual matters
in decision-making. |
| ETU |
Ethylenethiourea, an impurity and degradation product
of EBDC fungicides. |
| Evacuation scheme, operative evacuation
scheme |
A fire safety evacuation scheme required to be provided
for pursuant to section 21A of the Fire Service Act which has been
approved in accordance with regulation 17 of the Fire Safety and Evacuation
of Buildings Regulations 1992. |
| Evacuation time |
The time specified in the evacuation scheme within
which persons in the building should reach an evacuation point following
an evacuation alarm. |
| Evaporation |
The change of a substance from a solid or a liquid
into the gaseous phase. |
| Evaporation rate |
The ratio of time taken to evaporate a measured volume
of a liquid compared against the time taken for a similar volume of
a standard liquid to evaporate (usually ethyl ether or butyl acetate).
|
| Event |
The 'stuff' that is recorded against each file that
happens during the life-time of the application, e.g. phone calls
made, hearings or meetings held, letters sent, etc. - a record of
the process. |
| Event (public) |
Any planned activity where any structure, open area,
roadway or other area will contain more people than normally found
in that location at one time. |
| Event |
An incident or situation, which occurs in a particular
place during a particular interval of time (AS/NZS 4360:1999). |
| Event tree analysis |
Technique that describes the possible range and sequence
of the outcomes which may arise from a single initiating event (AS/NZS
4360:1999). |
| Ewe |
A female sheep that is greater than 15 months of age. |
| EWRB |
Electrical Workers Registration Board. |
| Excavator yarder |
An excavator-based machine fitted with a drum set for
cable extraction. |
| Excess-flow valve |
A normally open valve which closes automatically when
a predetermined flow rate in a particular direction has been exceeded. |
| Excessive noise |
Defined in the RMA as any noise that is under human
control and of such a nature as to unreasonably interfere with the
peace, comfort, and convenience of any person (other than a person
in or at the place from which the noise is being emitted), but does
not include any noise emitted by an aircraft, vehicle or train. It
may include noise emitted by a musical instrument, an electrical appliance,
a machine, a person or persons, or an explosion or vibration. |
| Excreta |
Any waste matter eliminated from the body. |
| Exitway |
All parts of an escape route protected by fire or smoke
separations, or by distance when exposed to open air, and terminating
at a final exit. |
| Exothermic |
A chemical reaction in which energy is released in
the form of heat. |
| Exotic |
Not native to a particular country, ecosystem or ecoarea
(applied to organisms intentionally or accidentally introduced as
a result of human activities). |
| Exotic disease |
A disease affecting humans or animals which does not
presently exist in New Zealand. |
| Expanded metal |
Metal sheet which has been pierced then stretched,
resulting in a larger sheet with 'diamond' shaped openings, resembling
mesh. May be used for machine guarding. |
| Expected loss |
The expected number of lives lost, people injured,
damage to property and disruption to essential services and economic
activity due to the impact of a natural or man-made hazard. It includes
physical, social and economic effects. |
| Expert |
(a) A member of a scientific committee set up by an
international, national, or professional scientific body to review
scientific data; or
(b) a person considered by his or her scientific peers to be an expert
in the relevant field of scientific study. |
| Exploder |
A device that when activated produces an electric firing
current. |
| Exploration (petroleum) |
Any well-drilling or associated activity undertaken
for the purpose of identifying petroleum, or petroleum-bearing or
petroleum-generating strata, where the depth of the well is 10 m or
greater. |
| Explosive |
Capable of exploding (generating violent shock) or
producing pyrotechnic effects such as heat, light, sound or smoke. |
| Explosives |
(Class 1 Dangerous Goods) Any substance that, when
triggered by a small amount of energy, reacts by combustion, using
its own source of oxygen to produce gas at such temperature, pressure
and speed that it is capable of damaging the surroundings. Pyrotechnic
substances that produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas, smoke
or a combination of these are included as explosives. |
| Exposed metal |
A conductive part of electrical equipemnt which: (a)
can be touched with the jointed finger test specified in AS 1939;
and (b) is not a live part but can become live if basic insulation
fails. |
| Exposure |
Conditions likely to result in a person absorbing a
hazardous substance by ingestion, inhalation or absorption through
the skin or mucous membranes. |
| Exposure assessment |
An estimation of the magnitude, duration and frequency
of exposure to hazards, and the numbers of people exposed via different
pathways. |
| Exposure route |
A route by which a person or other living organism
can absorb a substance and includes ingestion, inhalation, dermal
contact or contact with the eye or mucous membranes. |
| Epoxy |
A type of paint, adhesion or plastic noted for high
mechanical strength, good adhesion and chemical resistance. |
| Exogenous |
Originating outside the organism. |
| Extension |
A rope joined to another rope to increase its length.
|
| Extension pin |
The uppermost section of the stanchion upright. It
is good practice to remove the pins during a return trip to comply
with vehicle height regulations and to keep the pins from falling
out. The pins are usually then stored in a carrier on the rear of
the cab. |
| Extraction |
General term for removing trees and logs from a felling
area to a skid or road. |
| Extravasation |
Leakage of cytotoxic drug from the vein into the surrounding
tissue. |
| Extrusion |
Forcing molten plastic through a die to form continuous
lengths of plastic material. The cross section of the exuded product
is the shape of the die aperture. |
| Eye bolt |
A bolt with a ring or eye at the head end, usually
used to screw into a component so it can be lifted. |
| Fabrication inspection |
Inspection of equipment during the process by which
it, or its component parts, is manufactured. |
| Face |
That part of a component in contact with a mating component,
e.g.
(1) Of a flat belt pulley - the outer rim.
(2) Of a friction clutch - the flat side. |
| Face |
An exposed sloping or vertical surface resulting from
the excavation of material. |
| Face shield |
Transparent shield to protect the face and eyes from
flying particles or chemical splashes. |
| Facility |
Includes amenity and equipment. |
| Facility malfunction incident (NIO) |
An incident that involves an aeronautical telecommunications
facility. |
| Factor of safety |
The ratio of the load that would cause failure of a
member or structure to the load that is imposed upon it in service.
|
| FADE |
Foundation for Alcohol and Drug Education. |
| FAFOM |
Fellowship of the Australasian Faculty of Occupational
Medicine. |
| Fail-safe |
The mode of failure whereby a safe condition is maintained
upon loss of power or actuating force to any control element, or failure
of any control element to operate when energised. |
| Failure |
The unintentional termination of the ability of a system
or part of a system to perform its required function. |
| Fairlead |
A device containing sheaves or rollers used to guide
rope on to a drum. |
| Fall-arrest harness |
An assembly of interconnected shoulder and leg straps,
with or without a body belt, designed for attachment to a lanyard,
pole strap, or fall-arrest device as specified in AS/NZS1891:1995
and used where there is a likelihood of free or unrestrained fall. |
| Fall arrest system |
An assembly of interconnected components comprising
a safety harness connected to an anchorage point or anchorage system
either directly or by means of a lanyard, lanyard assembly, pole strap,
or fall-arrest device and whose purpose is to arrest a fall in accordance
with the principles and requirements of AS/NZS 1891.4. |
| Fall block |
A heavy block, generally balanced so that most of its
weight is at the bottom. It rides in the bight of the mainrope and
has butt rigging and tailrope attached. |
| Faller |
One who fells trees. |
| Falling object protective structure (FOPS)
|
A structure designed to be attached to, or form part
of, mobile plant for the purpose of reducing the possibility that
an operator seated beneath the structure in the driving position from
being harmed should the FOPS receive a blow from a falling object.
FOG is a new type of protection and is the same as the known FOPS:
the term FOG stands for Falling Object Guard. In some cases, the FOPS
(FOG) and ROPS or TOPS could be the same structure. |
| Falsework |
Any temporary structure or framework used in construction
work to support materials, equipment or any assembly. Falsework includes
the use of steel tubes, adjustable steel props, proprietary frames,
or any other means to support a permanent structure during its erection
and until it becomes self-supporting. |
| FAQ |
Frequently Asked Question. |
| Farm ATV |
An ATV primarily designed for an adult, as distinct
from those specifically designed for children. |
| FarmSafe |
A programme to reduce the number and severity of on-farm
injuries, developed by ACC, Federated Farmers and the Agriculture
ITO. |
| Fasciculation |
Muscle twitching involving contiguous groups of muscle
fibres. |
| Fast blow fuse |
Usually a cartridge fuse which operates at 1.2 times
the nominal current. |
| Fast pulley |
(Opposite to loose pulley) A pulley keyed or otherwise
fixed to a shaft so motion is transmitted from one to the other. |
| Fastener |
A special-purpose fastener stud, pin, nail, dowel,
rivet or similar object designed to be driven into, or through, any
substance by a powder-actuated fastening tool. |
| Fatigue |
The temporary inability, decrease in ability, or strong
disinclination to respond to a situation, because of previous over-activity,
either mental or physical. |
| Fatigue (metal) |
A mode of failure that can occur without warning and
at a stress much lower than the ultimate stress for the material.
Often associated with shafts and other rotating components, but any
equipment subjected to cyclic loading is potentially susceptible.
Usually has its origin in some surface imperfections (sometimes an
imperfection below the surface can be the cause). |
| Fault tree analysis |
A systems engineering method for representing the logical
combination of various systems states and possible causes which can
contribute to a specified event (called the top event). |
| FDC |
Fixed dose combination (of multiple drugs in a single
tablet or capsule). |
| Feather edging |
A rough weak edge that may be left after sharpening
only one side of a cutter. |
| Feathering |
A stub defect where a loose pruner centre bolt or excessive
blade wear causes incomplete cutting of the branch. |
| Fell |
To sever a standing tree from its stump and bring it
to the ground. |
| Feller |
One who fells trees. |
| Feller-buncher |
A self-propelled machine designed to fell standing
trees and to grasp, lift and bunch them. |
| Felling bench |
A frame or support on to which trees are felled to
facilitate easy delimbing. |
| Felling face |
The edge of a stand of trees where felling is taking
place. |
| Felling jack (tree jack) |
A hydraulic jack which can be inserted in the back
cut of a tree to assist in felling it in the desired direction. |
| Felling lever |
Manually operated steel lever inserted in a back-cut
to provide lifting force as an aid to felling small trees. |
| Felling wedge |
A wedge hammered into the back-cut, used to move a
tree in the desired direction. |
| Ferrite |
Ceramic magnetic oxides which have magnetic properties.
They are insulators. |
| Ferrous |
Made of or containing iron. |
| Ferrule |
A metal band or socket fitted to the end of a wire
rope. |
| Fertiliser |
Any dry, powdered, granular, or other dry fertiliser
material that flows, is delivered in bulk, and is used to top-dress
agricultural land. Fertiliser includes agricultural lime. |
| Fettling |
Removing rough patches and unwanted metal from castings
(foundry work). |
| FEV1 |
Forced Expiratory Volume at one second. This is the
volume of gas breathed out during the first second of a maximally
forced expiration. There is a poor result if the patient has airways
obstruction. |
| FFA |
Fire fighting appliances. |
| Fibre rope |
Rope that is made from natural or synthetic fibre or
from a combination of those materials. |
| Fibre.year/ml |
The product of fibres per millilitre multiplied by
years of exposure. |
| Fibrous anthophylite |
A type of asbestos. |
| Field test |
In relation to an organism, means carrying out trials
on the effects of the organism under conditions similar to those of
the environment into which the organism is likely to be released,
but from which the organism, or any heritable material arising from
it, could be retrieved or destroyed at the end of the trials. It includes
large-scale fermentation of micro-organisms. |
| Fifth wheel |
A device fitted to a vehicle to enable a semi-trailer
to be connected to it by means of a kingpin so that the semi-trailer
may be towed |
| Filed (ERS Authority, Tribunal, Court) |
An application has been filed and nothing else has
happened to it. |
| File Transferred (ERS Authority, Tribunal,
Court) |
This is when a file is transferred from one Registry
to another. |
| Filing of forms |
All applications must be made on standard forms prescribed
by the relevant Institution's Regulations. There are different forms
depending on the nature of the action. |
| Fillet |
A small section of timber placed crosswise on a packet
at set intervals to tie adjacent pieces together by friction, or to
facilitate drying. |
| Filling connection |
A loading connection suitable for use with LP Gas and
compatible with the tanker coupling or site coupling. |
| Filling pressure or charging pressure |
The pressure to which a cylinder is filled with a
gas when both the gas and the cylinder are at 150C. Applicable only
to permanent gases. |
| Filling ratio |
The ratio of the mass of gas in the cylinder to the
mass of water which would fill the cylinder at 15°C (for liquefiable
gases). |
| Final crop trees |
Trees that remain after all silvicultural operations
are completed. |
| Final exit |
The point at which an escape route terminates by giving
direct access to a safe place. |
| Final reserve fuel |
The minimum quantity of fuel required to provide a
margin to secure the safe completion of a flight in the event of any
unplanned manoeuvring in the vicinity of the destination or alternate
or a suitable aerodrome, as the case may be, and in ordinary circumstances
remains on board until completion of the landing. |
| FINSEC |
The finance and information union, representing workers
in banks, insurance, finance, call centres, information technology,
information, communications, law, etc. |
| Firebreak |
A natural or artificial physical barrier against the
spread of fire from or into any area of continuous flammable material. |
| Fires, classes of |
In New Zealand there are six classes of fires, A B
C D E and F.
Class A Fires involving Carbonaceous
Solids.
Carbonaceous means carbon or ash residual, e.g. wood, cloth, paper,
rubber, coal, plastic and any other material that leaves an ash.
Class B Fires involving Flammable and Combustible
Liquids.
These fires fall into two groups:
Miscible: Liquids
which will mix with water, usually alcohol-based products, e.g. methylated
spirits, methanol, etc.
Immiscible: Liquids which
will not mix with water, representing most of the hydrocarbon products
we handle.
Class C Fires involving Combustible
Gases.
These fires involve combustible gases, e.g. LPG (butane and propane),
natural gas, town gas, acetylene, etc.
Class D
Fires involving Combustible Metals.
These fires involve combustible metals, i.e. magnesium, titanium and
alkali metals. Water is not to be used as extinguishing medium. Use
DRY sand, soda ash, powders, etc.
Class E Fires
involving Electrically Energised Fuels of any Other Class.
These fires are self-explanatory and can occur when electrical equipment
is loaded beyond its design capabilities, normally producing excessive
heat and pungent smell. It's not the copper wire burning, but the
carbonaceous materials surrounding the electrical equipment, i.e.
insulation materials, plastics, etc.
Where possible de-energise power. If this is not possible, then a
non-conductive extinguishing medium must be used.
Class
F Fires involving Combustible Cooking Oils or Fats.
These fires involve combustible cooking oil and fats commonly found
in cafe and restaurant kitchens. |
| Fire brigade |
(a) A group of persons organised and trained for the
prevention, suppression, and extinction of fires, and responsible
to the National Commander for discipline and duty; and
(b) includes a volunteer fire brigade; but
(c) does not include
(i) a defence fire brigade; or
(ii) an industrial fire brigade. |
| Firecell |
Any space within a building, including a group of contiguous
spaces on the same or different levels, which is enclosed by any combination
of fire separations (as defined in clause A2 of the building code),
external walls, roofs, and floors. |
| Fire control |
In relation to forest, rural, and other areas of vegetation,
means:
(a) the prevention, detection, control, restriction, suppression,
and extinction of fire; and
(b) the safeguarding of life and property from damage and risk of
damage by or in relation to fire; and
(c) all measures conducive to or intended to further or effect such
prevention, detection, control, restriction, suppression, extinction,
or safe-guarding. |
| Fire damper |
A device for automatically closing off the flow of
air through a ventilation opening in the event of fire. |
| Fire extinguisher |
A compressed gas container intended to hold an extinguishant
that can be discharged onto a fire by, or by being, a gas under pressure. |
| Fire hazard |
The danger in terms of potential harm and degree of
exposure arising from the start and spread of fire and the smoke and
gases that are thereby generated. |
| Fire hazard category (FHC) |
The number (graded 1 to 4 in order of increasing severity),
used to classify purpose groups or activities having a similar fire
hazard, and where fully developed fires are likely to have similar
impact on the structural stability of the building. |
| Fire intensity |
The rate release of calorific energy in watts, determined
either theoretically or empirically, as applicable. |
| Fire isolated compartment |
A portion of a building separated from another portion
or portions by fire-resisting construction. |
| Fire resistant material |
A material having thermal and physical properties suitable
for use in protecting a combustible surface. |
| Fire resisting |
(As applied to a structural member or other part of
a building) Having resistance rating determined in accordance with
the fire-resistance test set out in AS 1530.4 required for that structural
member or other part. |
| Fire resisting closure |
A fire rated device or assembly for closing an opening
through a fire separation. It shall have a FRR of no less than that
required for the fire separation. |
| Fire resistance rating (FRR) |
The term used to classify fire resistance of primary
and secondary elements as determined in the standard test for fire
resistance, or in accordance with a specific calculation method verified
by experimental data from standard fire resistance tests. It comprises
three numbers giving the time in minutes for which each of the criteria
stability, integrity and insulation are satisfied, and is presented
always in that order. |
| Fire safety system |
The combination of all methods used in a building to
warn people of an emergency, provide for safe evacuation, and restrict
the spread of fire, and includes both active and passive protection. |
| Fire separation |
Any building element which separates firecells or firecells
and safe paths, and provides a specific fire resistance rating. |
| Fire signs |
Signs indicating the location of fire alarms and fire-fighting
equipment. |
| Firework |
An object containing small quantities of hazardous
substances with explosive properties enclosed in a case of paper or
similar material of such a strength, construction or character that
the ignition or explosion of one such firework will not cause the
explosion en masse of similar fireworks kept or carried with it, and
whose sole or principal effect is not percussive or vertical or horizontal
flight. |
| Firing cable |
A twin-core insulated conductor wire, used to connect
an electric firing circuit to an exploder. |
| First aid |
The immediate and temporary care given to a casualty
of an accident or sudden illness before a physician or other qualified
health personnel attends to provide treatment. |
| First-aid kit |
A box or
cabinet used to contain first aid items. It may be static or mobile. |
| First aider |
A person in a place of work who holds a valid first
aid certificate which has been awarded by a trainer or instructor
approved by OSH. |
| First aid trainer |
A trainer
or instructor approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Service
of the Department of Labour, to train first aiders. |
| FITEC |
Forest Industry Training and Education Council. |
| Fit for purpose |
In respect of a place of work, means designed, made
and maintained so that it is safe for its intended use. |
| Fit, reach and see |
Refers to a group of OOS hazards associated with the
dimensions of the workplace. 'Fit' problems occur when the size of
the equipment is inappropriate for the user, for instance hand tools
that are too small for an employee's hand. 'Reach' problems arise
when objects are not within arm's length. 'See' problems can arise
when visual conditions are difficult, for instance an employee may
need to bend their neck in order to do very precise work. |
| Fittings (gas cylinder) |
All valves, safety devices, gauges and other attachments
that remain fixed to the cylinder at all times except when undergoing
periodic re-inspection as required by Regulation 15. |
| Fixed gas appliance |
An gas appliance which is designed to be fastened to
a support or otherwise secured in a specific location, e.g. wall oven
or bench hob. |
| Fixed ladder |
A ladder permanently attached to a structure, building,
or equipment. |
| Fixed liquid level gauge, fixed ullage gauge |
A gauge which indicates the maximum permitted liquid
level in the container. |
| Fixed-point monitoring |
An air monitoring procedure whereby fixed samplers
are strategically located within a workplace; this method of sampling
is preferred when evaluating engineering controls or determining sources
of contamination. |
| Fixed skyline |
A skyline which is fixed at both ends and is tensioned
to give the correct deflection. |
| Fixed tank |
In relation to a tank vehicle, means a tank which is
either chassis mounted or of semi-trailer construction. |
| f/l |
Fibres per litre. |
| f/ml |
Fibres per millilitre. |
| Flag A |
A flag of the International Code of Signals (the diver's
flag), a burgee (swallow-tailed) flag coloured in white and blue,
with white to the mast, or a rigid equivalent. |
| Flag B |
The flag B of the International Code of Signals, a
burgee (swallow-tailed) flag coloured in red, or a rigid equivalent. |
| Flame barrier |
A material or system applied or installed to protect
another building element from flame contact. The protection
shall be effective for no less than 10 minutes exposure in the standard
test for fire resistance. |
| Flame ionization detector |
Detector in which hydrocarbons are burned in a hydrogen-air
flame and the resulting ions are measured electrically between two
electrodes. NOTE: The flame ionization detector is used in gas chromatography
mainly to detect hydrocarbon compounds.
|
| Flame photometric detector |
Detector that uses a reducing flame in which individual
elements give rise to characteristic colours which are measured by
a photomultiplier. NOTE: The detector is used in gas chromatography
mainly to detect components which contain particular elements, e.g.
phosphorous (P) and sulfur (S). |
| Flame protected forklifts |
Modifications to forklifts to enable them to be used
in situations/operations where substances present in the area present
a hazard of explosion or ignition. In such cases the appropriate certification
of the vehicle, by an approved authority, is mandatory. (In such conditions,
the forklift manufacturer must be consulted). |
| Flame safeguard ystem |
A system consisting of a flame detector(s) plus associated
circuitry, integral components, valves and interlocks, the function
of which is to shut off the gas supply to the burner(s) in the event
of ignition failure or flame failure. |
| Flammability |
The property which describes a danger of the product
catching fire and under what conditions. |
| Flammability index (FI) |
That index number for flammability, which is determined
according to the standard test method for flammability of thin flexible
materials. |
| Flammability limits |
The range of concentrations of a flammable vapour in
air at which a flame can be propagated or an explosion will occur,
if a source of ignition is present. Normally expressed as upper and
lower limits of this range (as percentages of the vapour in air).
'Explosive limits' has the same meaning. |
| Flammable |
Readily able to catch fire and undergo combustion. |
| Flammable liquids |
(Class 3 Dangerous Goods) Liquids
or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension that give off
flammable vapour at a temperature (referred to as the flash point)
of 60.5°C or less, closed-cup test, or 65.6°C or less, open-cup
test. Liquids transported at temperatures equal to or above their
flash point are included as Class 3. Liquids with a flash point greater
than 35°C that do not sustain combustion are not dangerous goods
for land transport.
Dangerous goods of Class 3 are assigned to a packing group according
to the degree of danger they present:
Packing Group I (high danger);
Packing Group II (medium danger);
Packing Group III (low danger). |
| Flammable solids |
(Class 4.1 Dangerous Goods) Solids
that:
(a) under normal conditions of transport are readily combustible or
may cause or contribute to fire through friction; or
(b) are self-reactive and related substances (including liquids) that
are liable to undergo a strong exothermic reaction; or
(c) are desensitised explosives that may explode if not diluted sufficiently.
Class 4.2: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion.
Liquids or solids that are liable to spontaneous heating under normal
conditions of transport, or to heating when in contact with air and
then being liable to catch fire.
Class 4.3: Substances that, in contact with water, emit flammable
gases (dangerous when wet).
Substances that, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously
flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
Dangerous goods of all divisions of Class 4 are assigned to a packing
group according to the degree of danger they present:
Packing Group I (high danger);
Packing Group II (medium danger);
Packing Group III (low danger). |
| Flammable substance |
A substance that meets the minimum degree of hazard
prescribed by Schedule 2 of the Hazardous Substances (Minimum Degrees
of Hazard) Regulations 2001 for a substance with flammable properties. |
| Flange |
Side wall or rim of a drum, wheel or sheave. |
| Flanged mount bearings |
Bearings supplied with flanged mounts permitting mounting
on faces parallel to or perpendicular to the axis of a shaft. |
| Flap |
A circular strip of rubber or fabric-reinforced rubber
used in pneumatic tyres to prevent chafing of the inner tube on the
rim. Quite commonly known in New Zealand as a 'Rustband'. |
| Flashback |
Occurs when the flame in a gas torch burns back into
the torch or hose; this is often accompanied by a hissing or squealing
sound, and a pointed or smoky flame. |
| Flash point |
The lowest temperature in °C at which a liquid
will produce enough vapour to ignite, if the vapour is flammable.
|
| Flash point |
In relation to any substance, means the lowest temperature
at which the substance, when tested in a prescribed type of apparatus,
liberates vapour at a rate sufficient to produce an explosive mixture
with the air that is in immediate contact with the substance. |
| Flashing light |
In relation to a ship, a light flashing at regular
intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute. |
| Flat belt conveyor |
A conveyor having a moving flat belt carried on freerunning
rollers. |
| Fleet angle |
Angle subtendered from the centre line at a fairlead
or fixed sheave between the drum flange and the centre point of a
drum barrel. |
| Fleeting |
Positioning logs by machine in preparation for a subsequent
operation. |
| Flexible cord |
A cable that is designed to be flexed frequently and
connects an electrical appliance to the electrical installation, normally
by a plug. |
| Flicker |
Light that alternately brightens and dims. Flicker
on a VDU occurs at between about 50 and 80 times a second and is visible
only under certain conditions. |
| Flight attendant |
An appropriately trained person assigned by the operator
to be responsible to the pilot-in-command for passenger safety on
an aircraft. |
| Flight crew member |
An appropriately qualified person assigned by the operator
for duty in an aircraft during flight time as a pilot or flight engineer. |
| Flight information service |
An air traffic service provided for the purpose of
giving advice and information intended for the safe and efficient
conduct of flights. |
| Flight manual |
A manual, associated with the certificate of airworthiness,
containing limitations within which the aircraft may be considered
airworthy, and instructions and information necessary to the flight
crew members for the safe operation of the aircraft. |
| Flight plan |
Specified information that is required under the rules
to be provided to an ATS unit or to a flight following service regarding
an intended flight, or portion of a flight, of an aircraft. |
| Flight time |
The total time from the moment an aircraft first moves
for the purpose of flight until the moment it comes to rest at the
end of the flight including all associated push back, taxiing and
subsequent holding time. |
| Floor opening |
An opening in any floor, platform, pavement or yard,
through which persons may fall; such as a hatchway, stair or ladder
opening, pit or manhole. |
| Flora |
Plant life of a given place or time. |
| Flow property |
The flow rate achievable from a nominal aircraft hopper
given the condition of the fertiliser with respect to substance type,
granular size, compaction, contamination and moisture content. |
| Flue |
The pipe or duct through which combustion products
are conveyed from a gas appliance to a discharge point, including
any draught diverter and associated duct, barometric device, fan or
other fittings in the duct. |
| Flue cowl |
A device placed at the end of a flue and designed to
prevent the entry of rain and minimise the disturbing effect of wind
while not hindering the discharge of flue gases. |
| Flue gases |
Combustion products plus all diluents and contaminants.
These include, where applicable excess air, dilution air, process
air and waste products from the process. |
| Flush deck ship |
A ship that has no superstructure on the freeboard
deck. |
| Flux (soldering) |
A sticky liquid or paste used to react with and remove
compounds from the surface of the connection, to improve the flow
of the molten solder, and to prevent oxidation during the heating
cycle. |
| Flying fox |
A cableway used for the free descent of passengers
and incorporates the whole system including structures, cable, block
and ropes. |
| Flywheel |
A heavy wheel used for storing rotational energy.
it is used on a machine where the energy requirement varies greatly
during the cycle to supply energy during the period of heaviest load.
The prime mover may be reduced in size, as it only has to supply power
to match the average load, not the peak load. |
| Foamed plastics |
Combustible foamed plastic polymeric materials of low
density (typically less than 100 kg/m3) and are classified as cellular
polymers which are manufactured by creating a multitude of fine voids
(typically 90 to 98%) distributed more or less uniformly throughout
the product. Examples of foamed plastics are latex foams, polyethylene
foams, polyvinyl chloride foams, expanded or extruded polystyrene
foams, phenolic foams, ureaformaldehyde foams, polyurethane foams
and polychloropene foams. |
| Foetotoxic |
Poisonous to the foetus or unborn child. |
| Foetus |
Name given to the developing baby between the 8th and
40th weeks of pregnancy. |
| FOG |
Falling Object Guard. |
| FoodNet |
The national database with information on food safety
programmes and food premises. |
| Food Safety Objective (FSO) |
A description of the expectations of hygiene measures
that are applied during a particular segment of a food production
process. These objectives should include measurable outcomes expected
for the final product and may have a qualitative or quantitative association
with the level of risk to the consumer. |
| Food safety programme |
A documented programme designed to identify and control
food safety risk factors in order to establish and maintain food safety.
A food safety programme within the meaning of the Food Act 1981 is
a programme whose adoption gives rise to an exemption from the Food
Hygiene Regulations 1974 under Part 1A of that Act. |
| Footprint |
The ground contact area of a tyre tread. |
| FOPS |
Falling Object Protective Structure. |
| Force |
Force equals mass x acceleration. This is the external
agency which changes or tends to change the conditions of rest or
of steady linear motion of a rigid body. |
| Foreign aircraft |
Any aircraft other than a New Zealand registered aircraft. |
| Foreign ship |
Any ship that is not a New Zealand ship. |
| Forestry work |
Any work in connection with forest establishment, silviculture,
logging, transportation, tree work and solid wood processing. |
| Forging |
Shaping metal by impact, under a hammer or in a press.
The metal may be pre-heated to 'soften' it. |
| Forklift |
A motor vehicle (not fitted with self-laying tracks)
designed principally for lifting, carrying and stacking goods by means
of one or more tines, platens or clamps. |
| Fork locking pins |
The devices which allow forks to be manually adjusted
side to side, but which lock the forks in place after adjustment. |
| Forks |
The load arms by means of which a load is picked up
and supported. Usually two (or more) forks are arranged to be used
together to handle palletised and similar loads. They are fitted on
to the carriage of the forklift and located by the fork locking pins.
Forks are sometimes referred to as tines. |
| Fork extensions |
Metal sleeves which slide on to the forks and locked
into place by some means. They enable the handling of loads of different
lengths. They should not exceed the forks on which they are fitted
by more than 50% and the load carried should not overhang the extensions.
Sometimes referred to as fork slippers. |
| Fork height |
On a forklift, the vertical distance from the floor
to the horizontal load-carrying surface of the forks, measured adjacent
to the heel of the forks, and in the case of reach trucks, with the
forks extended. |
| Fork locking pins |
On a forklift, the devices which allow forks to be
manually adjusted side to side, but which lock the forks in place
after adjustment. |
| Form pruning |
Removing competing leaders and large branches to improve
tree form. |
| Formwork |
The mould into which concrete is placed. |
| Fossil fuels |
Coal, natural gas, LPG, crude oil and fuels derived
from crude oil (including petrol and diesel). They are called fossil
fuels because they have been formed over long periods of time from
ancient matter. |
| Foul water |
The discharge from any sanitary fixture or sanitary
appliance. |
| Fouled |
Refers to a rope not running correctly in the sheave
of a block, or a ope caught behind an obstruction. |
| Frame saw |
A woodworking machine used for sawing logs or for resawing
timber by using one or more straight rip-saw blades mounted vertically
in a sash thatr eciprocates in vertical slides on a frame. |
| Free descent |
Descent at an uncontrolled rate. |
| Free fall, free fall-arrest |
As defined in AS/NZS 1891.4:2000 (Clause 1.4.5). A
fall or the arrest of a fall where the fall distance before the fall-arrest
system begins to take any loading, is in excess of 600 mm either vertically
or on a slope on which it is not possible to walk without the assistance
of a handrail or hand line. |
| Free flowing (fertiliser) |
A fertiliser may be said to be free flowing when:
(1) it can be discharged as a dry powder from an aircraft hopper,
in the form intended, without compacting and blocking in the throat
of the hopper;
(2) it can be discharged as a dry powder from an aircraft hopper,
in the form intended, without sticking and blocking in the throat
of the hopper;
(3) it has passed the field test [in the industry guideline]. |
| Free-standing scaffold |
A standing scaffold which is not attached to any other
structure and is stable against overturning on its own account, if
necessary assisted by rakers and anchors. |
| Freeboard |
The distance measured vertically downwards amidships
from the upper edge of the freeboard deck to the upper edge of the
related load line. |
| Freeboard deck |
The deck from which the freeboard is calculated when
determining the load lines to be assigned to the ship under Part 47
of the maritime rules. |
| Freewheel |
Refers to a winch which is not in gear and therefore
rope can be pulled easily by a breaker out or by gravity. |
| Freight container |
An article of transport equipment that is of a permanent
character and strong enough to be suitable for repeated use; specially
designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one or more modes
of transport, without intermediate reloading; designed to be secured
and readily handled, having fittings for these purposes; but does
not include vehicles or packaging. |
| Frequency |
The frequency of a wave is the rate at which it vibrates.
On a radio or TV tuner, the number at which you set the tuner indicates
the frequency of the signal. The frequency is also correlated with
some physical properties of the signal: how well it can pass through
obstacles (e.g. buildings) and rate at which information can be transmitted.
To avoid interference, defined ranges of frequencies are allocated
to different applications: FM radio, AM radio, TV, cellphones, industrial
applications, etc. Frequency is measured in hertz . See also hertz,
radiofrequency, and microwave. |
| Frequency |
The potential rate at which a hazard may be realised.
Sometimes referred to as likelihood or probability. |
| Frequent flyer |
A person or organisation with many interventions or
interactions with DoL. |
| FRI |
Forest Research Institute. |
| Friable |
In relation to asbestos, means asbestos that under
ordinary conditions can be easily crumbled. |
| Friction blocks |
Form of clutch by which drums of a hauler are engaged. |
| Frontal impact protection system |
A set of associated parts, components, and systems
incorporated in a motor vehicle to protect occupants in a frontal
impact collision. |
| FRSITO |
Fire and Rescue Services Industry Training Organisation. |
| FRST |
Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. |
| FSA |
Formal safety assessment - IMO agreed risk methodology. |
| FSWR |
Flexible steel wire rope. |
| FTE |
Full-time equivalent. |
| Fuel gas |
Any fuel that is supplied through pipes or in containers
and is a gas at 15°C and at 101.3 kPa absolute pressure; and includes:
(a) biogas, coal gas, natural gas, oil gas, producer gas, refinery
gas, reformed natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas; and
(b) any gaseous substance that the Governor-General declares by Order
in Council made under the Gas Act 1992 to be a gas for the purposes
of that Act; and
(c) any gas that is of a composition that complies with regulations
made pursuant to the Gas Act 1992 for use as a fuel. |
| Fuel oil |
Any petroleum which has a flash point higher than 61
degrees Celsius and which is of a kind generally used for fuel or
which is intended to be used for fuel. |
| Fugitive emissions |
Substances that escape from a source not associated
with a specific process but scatter throughout the plant, e.g., leaks
from equipment, dust blown from stockpiles. |
| Fulcrum |
The pivot, or point of support, of a lever. |
| Full-body safety harness |
Type of safety harness which secures both the both
the lower and upper body. The full-body harness is designed to prevent
people from flipping upside down in the case of a fall. |
| Full Court (ERS Employment Court) |
A formal hearing conducted in a courtroom before two
judges sitting in quorum or three presided over by the Chief Judge
or nominee. |
| Full load |
The maximum load under which a machine is designed
to run. |
| Full trailer |
A trailer with two axle sets, the foremost of which
is steered by a drawbar, and includes a semi-trailer with non-steering
axles coupled to a converter dolly. |
| Full-mask respirator |
A respirator that consists of a mask covering the
nose and mouth which is fitted with either cartridges or canisters
(to filter sprays and vapours) and a transparent shield covering the
eyes and nose. |
| Full-time employment |
In relation to an earner, means employment in the 4
weeks immediately before his or her incapacity commenced, for either:
(a) an average of at least 30 hours per week; or (b) a lesser number
of hours, if the lesser number of hours is defined as full-time employment
in the employment agreement under which the earner was employed, because
of the particular nature of that employment. |
| Fully funded scheme |
ACC levies are set at a rate that not only covers the
cost of claims in the current year for persons injured in the current
year, but also covers the estimated cost of claims which will be paid
in future years for those injuries. |
| Fulminate |
A chemical compound or mechanical mixture which from
its great susceptibility to detonation is suitable for employment
in percussion caps or any other appliances for developing detonation. |
| Fume |
Particles forming an airborne suspension. Fuming is
usually caused by the heating of a solid to such an extent that it
vapourises and then condenses into small particles in the surrounding
air. |
| Fume hood |
A device located in a laboratory, enclosed on five
sides with a movable sash or fixed partial sash enclosed on the remaining
side; constructed and maintained to draw air from the laboratory and
to prevent or minimise the escape of air contaminants into the laboratory;
and allows chemical manipulations to be conducted in the enclosure
without insertion of any part of the employee's body other than hands
and arms. |
| Fumigation |
The use of a hazardous substance [described in Schedule
1 of Hazardous Substances (fumigants) Tansfer Notice 2004] for the
purpose of destruction of rodents, pests, or other plant or animal
organisms. |
| Fumigation area |
Any of the following where fumigation is or is intended
to be carried out:
(a) all or part of
(i) a ship:
(ii) an aircraft:
(iii) a building:
(iv) a glasshouse:
(v) any other enclosed structure:
(b) a fumigation cell:
(c) a shipping container:
(d) a silo:
(e) a soil area:
(f) a covered space:
(g) any other area where a hazardous substance described in Schedule
1 (fumigants) is or is intended to be released. |
| Fumigation cell |
A sealed chamber, which may include a shipping container,
used exclusively for fumigation. |
| Fumigation under sheets |
Fumigation carried out under gas-proof sheets of plastic,
tarpaulins, or other materials, but does not include space fumigation
in which such sheets are used to isolate the fumigation area. |
| Fungi |
Nucleated, usually filamentous, spore-bearing organisms
devoid of chlorophyll. |
| Fuse (rewireable) |
A device that disconnects a circuit from a power supply
by means of a wire designed to melt when a high electric current flows. |
| Fusible link |
A safety device consisting of a suitable low melting
point material which is intended to yield or melt at a predetermined
temperature. |
| Gamma ray |
Ionising electromagnetic radiation emitted by a radionuclide
during radioactive decay or during a nuclear (isomeric) transition. |
| Gang saw |
A series of parallel saws secured in a frame which
is moved backwards and forwards. Used to saw a log into planks in
one operation. |
| Gantry |
(1) A structure covering a public way, providing protection
from both side and overhead.
(2) Rigid frames, incorporating a means of lifting, often used to
load or unload trailers. |
| Gases |
(Class 2 Dangerous Goods) A gas is a substance that:
(a) at 50°C has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kilopascals
(absolute); or
(b) is completely gaseous at 20°C at a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals
(absolute).
Class 2.1: Flammable gases.
Class 2.2: Non-flammable, non-toxic gases.
Class 2.3: Toxic gases |
| Gas |
Any fuel that is supplied through pipes or in containers
and is a gas at a temperature of 15°C and an absolute pressurof
101.325 kilopascals; and includes
(a) biogas, coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, oil gas,
producer gas, refinery gas, reformed natural gas, and tempered liquefied
petroleum gas:
(b) any gaseous substance that the Governor-General declares by Order
in Council to be a gas for the purposes of this Act:
(c) any mixture of gases. |
| Gas appliance |
Any appliance that uses, or is designed or intended
to use, gas, whether or not it also uses, or is designed or intended
to use, any other form of energy. |
| Gas carrier |
A non-passenger ship constructed or adapted and used
for the carriage in bulk of any liquefied gas or other product listed
in Chapter 19 of the International Gas Carrier Code. |
| Gas chromatograph |
A chromatograph that physically separates components
of a mixture and measures them individually with a detector whose
signal is processed. A chromatograph consists of the following main
parts: an introduction unit, a separation unit and a detector. The
separation unit consists of one or more chromatographic columns through
which carrier gas flows and into which samples are introduced. Under
defined and controlled operating conditions, components can be qualitatively
identified by their retention time, and quantitatively measured by
comparing their detector response to that of the same or a similar
component in a calibration mixture. |
| Gas free |
For gases and volatile liquids, an atmosphere in the
tank or receptacle containing a concentration of the gas or liquid
vapour less than the concentration listed in the NOHSC:1003. For flammable
gases an atmosphere in the tank or receptacle less than 5% of the
lower explosive limit (LEL) for the substance concerned when sampled
at ambient temperature. |
| Gas-safe space |
On a ship, a space in which the entry of hydrocarbon
gases would produce flammability or toxicity hazards. |
| Gas sorption effects |
Processes whereby some gases are adsorbed onto or desorbed
from the surfaces of a solid. NOTE: The force of attraction between
some gases and solids is purely physical and depends on the nature
of the participating material. Natural gas may contain several components
which exhibit strong sorption effects. Special care should be taken
when determining trace concentrations of heavy hydrocarbons, water,
sulfur compounds and hydrogen. |
| Gas supply point |
The point in the gas supply system downstream of which
any work that is performed is deemed to be gasfitting. |
| Gastight |
The condition of a gas installation or gas pipework
in which any leakage of gas is at a sufficiently low rate that no
hazard is likely to ensue. |
| Gas transmission |
The supply of line function services by means of high
pressure gas pipelines operated at a gauge pressure exceeding 2,000
kilopascals: |
| Gassy mine |
A coal mine, metalliferous mine or tunnel in which
tests on three successive days indicate the presence of flammable
gas in an area, district or main airway on the return side or exhaust
side. |
| Gastric |
Pertaining to the stomach. |
| Gate station |
The point that gas is supplied to a distribution system
from a transmission system. |
| Gathering line |
A pipeline that transports untreated gas with or without
associated liquids from a production facility to a further production
facility, treatment plant or storage facility. |
| Gauge |
The thickness of the drive link on a chain. Should
be matched to the chainsaw's cutter bar gauge. |
| Gauge pruning |
A method of determining the pruned height of a tree
by measuring stem diameter. When the caliper-type gauge fits the stem,
that is the top of the lift. |
| GCP |
(New Zealand) Gas Code of Practice. |
| GDP per capita |
The basis for measuring the link between productivity
and standard of living. GDP per capita can be broken down into the
sub-components labour productivity (the quantity of output produced
with a given quantity of labour input) and labour utilisation (hours
worked per capita). |
| Gear |
A toothed wheel which, when meshed with other gears,
transmits rotary motion from one shaft to another. The design of the
gears determines whether the speed or direction of motion is changed.
Different types include spur, helical, bevel, herringbone, worm and
wheel, rack and pinion, etc. |
| Gel coating |
The application to the surfaces of moulds, by means
of a spray, of a mixture of resins and pigments, for the purpose of
providing smooth outer skins for mouldings produced from those moulds. |
| Gelatines |
Dynamites or gelignites. |
| General aviation area |
An airspace, of defined dimensions, in which intensive
VFR activity may occur and the rules of Class G airspace apply. |
| Generic name |
A name applied to a category or class of chemicals
(e.g. azo dyes, halogenated aromatic amines, etc.) |
| Genetic element |
In relation to a new organism, means:
(a) heritable material; and
(b) any genes, nucleic acids, or other molecules from the organism
that can, without human intervention, replicate in a biological system
and transfer a character or trait to another organism or to subsequent
generations of the organism. |
| Genetic susceptibility |
The existence of a predisposition to a health status
that may be attributable to the genetic makeup (constitution). |
| Genetically modified organism (GMO) |
An organism in which any of the genetic material has
been modified by in vitro techniques, or one which is derived from
such an organism. |
| Genome |
The complete DNA sequence of an organism containing its complete
genetic information. |
| Genotoxic |
A specific adverse effect on the genome of living cells that, upon
duplication of the affected cells, can be expressed as a mutagenic,
clastogenic or carcinogenic event because of specific alteration of
the molecular structure of the genome. |
| Geothermal |
Associated with heat derived from the earth. |
| Geothermal energy |
Energy derived or derivable from and produced within
the earth by natural phenomenon. |
| Geothermal fluid |
All steam, water, and water vapour, and every mixture
of all or any of them (which mixture may include gases), that has
been heated within the earth by natural phenomena to a temperature
of 70 degrees Celsius or more. |
| Geothermal work |
Includes:
(a) the drilling of any bore to a depth exceeding 2 metres from ground
level; and
(b) any work in the construction or maintenance of any pipeline of
150 mm or less nominal internal diameter in relation to a bore which
is not primarily associated with the generation of electricity, including
associated fittings, vessels, pumps, and appurtenances necessary for
the containment and control of pressure in the pipeline. |
| GHP |
Good Hygienic Practice. |
| GHS |
Global Harmonisation System. |
| GHz |
Gigahertz. One billion hertz. |
| Gibhead key |
A key (for locating pulleys, etc. on a shaft) having
a head formed at right angles to the length of the key at one end
which projects above the surface of the shaft to aid removal. |
| Gin pole |
A single, guyed pole set in the ground at an angle
from which a block or tackle can be suspended for lifting. |
| GJ |
Gigajoules. |
| Glare |
A bright light in the field of view. |
| Glasswool |
A fibrous product formed by either blowing or spinning
a molten mass of glass. The resultant fibres are subsequently collected
as a mat of fibrous product which may either be bonded or non-bonded.
|
| GLC |
Gas liquid chromatography. |
| Glider |
A non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft which
derives its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces
which remain fixed under given conditions of flight. |
| Glucosuria |
Raised glucose levels. |
| Glutaraldehyde |
A chemical used in solution as a sterilising agent
for medical, veterinary and dental equipment. Also used in radiography
for processing X-ray films. It can cause occupational asthma, dermatitis
and other health problems. Synonym: 1.5-Pentanedial. |
| Glycol |
Liquid binary alcohol (R-CHOH-CH2OH) used as an anti-freeze
and in some processing operations as a dehydrating agent. |
| GMAW |
Gas metal arc welding. See also MAGS. |
| GMDSS |
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. |
| GMO |
See Genetically modified organism. |
| GMP |
Good Manufacturing Practice. |
| Goal |
A broad and high-level statement of general purpose
to guide planning around an issue. |
| Goals/Objectives |
Planned specified outcomes to be achieved in a given
timeframe (SMART). |
| Good employer |
An employer who operates a personnel policy containing
provisions generally accepted as necessary for the fair and proper
treatment of employees in all aspects of their employment, including
provisions requiring-
(a) good and safe working conditions; and
(b) an equal employment opportunities programme; and
(c) the impartial selection of suitably qualified persons for appointment;
and
(d) opportunities for the enhancement of the abilities of individual
employees; and
(e) recognition of
(i) the aims and aspirations of Maori; and
(ii) the employment requirements of Maori; and
(iii) the need for greater involvement of Maori as employees of the
employer; and
(f) recognition of the aims and aspirations, and the cultural differences,
of ethnic or minority groups; and
(g) recognition of the employment requirements of women; and
(h) recognition of the employment requirements of persons with disabilities.
[NZ Public Health and Disability Act 2000] |
| Good faith |
As set out in the Employment Relations Act 2000. |
| Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) |
Assurance that product is consistently produced and
controlled to quality standards appropriate to their intended use
and as required by the regulatory authority and industry. |
| Goods |
All kinds of moveable personal property. |
| Goods vehicle |
A motor vehicle that: is constructed primarily for
the carriage of goods, and either:
(a) has at least four wheels, or
(b) has three wheels and a gross vehicle mass exceeding one tonne. |
| Governance |
The system by which organisations are directed and
controlled. |
| Government department |
A government department named in the First Schedule
of the State Sector Act 1988. |
| Governor |
A device for regulating the speed of an engine to a
preset fixed level, or ensuring it does not exceed a certain maximum
speed. |
| GP |
General practitioner. |
| GPS |
Global positioning system. |
| GPWS |
Ground proximity warning system. |
| Grab hook |
A single-finger hook used for connecting chains. |
| Grade (abrasive wheels) |
A measure of the strength with which the grains of
abrasive are held together by the bonding material. |
| Gradual process (injury/illness) |
Personal injury caused by a work-related gradual process,
disease, or infection. Includes personal injury that is of a type
described in Schedule 2 that is suffered by a person who is or has
been in employment involving exposure to agents, dusts, compounds,
substances, radiation, or things described in that schedule. [IPRC
Act]. |
| Gradual process hearing test |
The test used to assess a claim for deafness arising
from a personal injury caused by a work-related gradual process. |
| Granular herbicides |
Weed-killing chemicals manufactured as small grains.
|
| Granulator |
A machine having two or more cutters attached to a
rotor which is used to convert scrap thermoplastic material into a
form suitable for further processing. |
| Gravimetric Standard |
A standard based on the weight of material in a given
volume of air (mg/m3). |
| Gravity return |
Any cable system that depends on the force of gravity
for downhill travel of the carriage. |
| Grain auger (portable) |
A machine consisting of a tube inside which a worm
or screw is rotated to convey grain. The lower end of the tube is
frequently fitted with a detachable hopper. The tube is mounted on
a wheeled carriage and is intended for use on farms and other places
where grain is stored or handled in bulk. |
| Grain Code |
The International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain
in Bulk adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Maritime
Safety Committee Resolution 23(59), as amended from time to time. |
| Granulator (plastics industry) |
A machine having two or more cutters attached to a
rotor which is used to convert scrap thermoplastic material into a
form suitable for further processing. |
| Granule |
Solid formulation comprising particles of defined size
(>80µm diameter) for application without further dilution,
usually to soil. |
| Graphic material |
Any material used for writing, drawing, marking, or
painting. |
| Grapple |
Hinged jaws which can be closed or opened and used
for grasping logs. In helicopter logging, a pilot-controlled mechanical
device, attached to the helicopter long line, which is used to pick
up logs in the forest and release them following placement in the
desired log landing area. |
| Grapple hauling |
Hauling logs using a grapple in place of butt rigging
and strops. |
| GRAS |
Generally Recognised As Safe. A substance known to
present negligible hazards to human or animal health or the environment. |
| Gray (Gy) |
The SI unit of absorbed dose being equal to 1 Joule
per kilogram of the material being irradiated. |
| Greenhouse gases |
Atmospheric gases that increase the temperature of
the earth's surface. They include water vapour, tropospheric ozone,
chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane
(CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Around 90% of gross CO2 emissions in
New Zealand are caused by energy production and use. |
| Grit |
Measure of the size of the abrasive particles in an
abrasive wheel. |
| Grommet |
(Synonym: Molly, Molly Hogan) Short length of wire,
wound to form a loop for temporary connection between eye splices
of two ropes. An endless wire rope sling. |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Represents a broad measure of economic activity and
signals the direction of overall aggregate economic activity. GDP
is calculated by the quantity, quality and variety of goods and services
available for consumption. |
| Gross weight |
(or gross mass) In relation to a vehicle or combination
of vehicles means the weight of the vehicle or of the vehicles comprising
the combination, together with the load the vehicle(s) are for the
time being carrying. The gross weight may be determined by adding
the weight on the axles or groups of axles. |
| Ground fire |
A fire which is burning in the ground cover (grasses,
weeds, and scrub). |
| Ground haul |
In cable logging, where there is no lift so that logs
are hauled along the ground. |
| Groundspreader |
A vehicle designed specifically for the carriage of
powder or particulate artificial fertilisers on the road, and for
the distribution of those fertilisers directly from the vehicle onto
the land by means of a mechanical or pneumatic distributor that forms
part of the vehicle. |
| Group Standard |
An approval under HSNO for a group of hazardous substances
of a similar nature, or type or having similar circumstances of use.
A Group Standard is therefore risk based rather than solely hazard
based. The risk of substances in the Group Standard will be managed
by a single set of conditions rather than by the controls set out
in the HSNO regulations. |
| Grubscrew |
A fully threaded, headless screw used to secure a component
to a shaft. |
| GTAW |
Gas tungsten arc welding. See also TAGS. |
| Guaranteed minimum breaking load |
In relation to rope, means the load guaranteed by the
manufacturer as being the minimum load at which the rope will fail. |
| Guard |
A screen or cover to prevent access to the dangerous
part of a machine. |
| Guardrail |
A rail or barrier secured to standards or upright members,
and erected along the exposed sides and ends of working platforms
to prevent persons from falling. A lower rail which is fixed to standards
midway between the guardrail and platform is termed a midrail. |
| Guidance note |
In the Australian jurisdictions, refers to a document
describing a work practice or thing which warrants specific advice
or guidance to encourage an improvement in health and safety performance.
It may also give guidance on an OHS statutory procedure or process.
The document is generally 2 and no more than 4 pages in length. The
topic of a guidance note is relevant to a range of workplaces rather
than dealing with something unique to one workplace. |
| Guide rails |
On a chainsaw, the sides of the groove running around
the cutter bar, which keep the chain on the bar. |
| Guide, guidelines |
A relatively extensive document (5 pages or more)
which aims to provide practical general guidance or implementation
tools on a particular hazard or range of hazards applicable to a range
of workplaces. A guide may also provide guidance on interpreting a
particular piece of legislation or provide supplementary guidance
associated with a code of practice. A guide may be published exclusively
in an electronic format. |
| Gunpowder |
A mixture of charcoal and sulphur with potassium nitrate
or sodium nitrate or both; and includes blasting powder. |
| Gut hook |
To attach a strop to a stem so that it swings when
lifted off the ground. |
| Guy |
A length of anchored rope, attached to near the top
of a spar, gin pole etc, and holding it upright against forces imposed
upon it in hauling or loading. |
